Ornithology produced some of the most technically demanding illustration work of the 19th century, when naturalists and printmakers collaborated to document species with scientific precision and genuine artistry. Chromolithography was the dominant method by the 1880s and 1890s, allowing colorists to render plumage and egg markings with a fidelity that earlier engraving could only approximate. The subject carried into the 20th century through nature-minded editorial and conservation imagery. Everything shown here is a period original.